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Fuses and Circuit Breakers |
These days most newer homes a circuit breaker panel. Many older homes may still have the old style fuse panels. In either case, fuses and circuit breakers have the same job of protecting branch circuits from sustained short circuits and overloading. The most common circuit breaker and fuse sizes you're likely to have are 15 amp, 20 amp, 30 amp, and 40 amp. The circuits which supply lights and receptacles in your home are generally protected by 15 amp or 20 amp fuses or circuit breakers. Your stove or range would be protected by a 40 amp breaker while your clothes dryer would have a 30 amp breaker.
In older homes you will find a multitude of outlets all running off of one circuit which results in frequent blown fuses or tripped circuit breakers. Some homeowners think that if they install a larger fuse or circuit breaker their problems will be solved. While this may prevent blown fuses it creates a dangerous overload on the branch circuit wiring. Cables and conductors are rated by how many amps they can safely carry continuously. A #14 cable is rated at 15 amps and a #12 cable is rated 20 amps. If you were put in a 30 amp fuse or circuit breaker you will exceed the safe limits of the cable.
A dangerous situation may occur if a cable carries more current than it's rated for. Large cables, with less resistance, can carry more current than smaller cables, which have more resistance. It's like a garden hose, the larger the diameter the more water it can carry. The smaller the diameter the less water it can carry. When a circuit is overloaded the conductors will start to produce heat which in turn can melt the insulation covering and cause an electrical fire. Rather than installing larger fuses and circuit breakers, do it the right way by breaking up reducing the number of outlets on overloaded circuits.
In the days of old, houses frequently had only 4 circuits which was fine back then. Today, 32 - 40 branch circuits are required to operate the house of today with all it's conveniences. If a ciruit breaker does trip, it can be reset by first turning it all the way to the off position and then back to the on position. You have to replace fuses when they blow. Keep 1 or 2 spares of the most common fuse sizes close to your fusebox so they can be easily found when one decides to blow. The best solution is to have your fusebox replaced by a modern circuit breaker panel. This is not a DIY job, an electrical permit is required so it's best to hire a qualified electrician to do the job.
If you happen to sell your house, one of the main concerns a prospective buyer, or home inspector, has is the electrical wiring and breaker panel. Old overloaded fuse panels will definitely be a major issue. Replacing your fuse panel and updating any unsafe wiring will go a long way when and if you decide to put your home on the market.
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