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Reliable Storage Medium Magnetic Tape Cartridges LTO (Linear Tape-Open Technology) Tapes |
LTO Mission Statement
To promote open linear tape solutions by facilitating technology development, enforcing ongoing compliance verification standards, and support the LTO and Ultrium brands through marketing activities. To attain these goals through the creation of a self-perpetuating organization of licensees."
With the rise of e-commerce, data repositories and other data-intensive applications, more data must be backed up and stored even more quickly. Magnetic tape has survived till today through the technological revolution, for the last 5 decades. Now a days, companies related to different fields (science, medicine, broadcasting etc.) all over the world generate huge volume of data every day. Millions of people access this information every day. The government and industry regulators now insist that the organizations should preserve almost all their information, in perfect order, forever. New laws also have been implemented like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) ,that requires all public corporations to preserve their email data and financial transactions. Organizations in the financial sector are required to retain every one of their emails. The government records need to be kept for between 20 and 50 years, or simply forever and the copyright records must be kept for at least 95 years.
In order to preserve the data and to fulfill the legal requirements, the ultimate solution is to find a reliable, robust, efficient, secure and long life storage medium. The storage mediums mostly used are the Magnetic tapes and Disks. But, the most reliable choice of the two is the Magnetic tape.
Tape is still the top performer in terms of cost and capacity for data storage, playing a crucial role in corporate data protection strategies.
No other technology offers the low cost and high capacity advantages of tape. Overall tape meets the broadest set of customer needs.
There are several features of the tape cartridges that make them superior to the disks. The storage capacity of Magnetic tape is growing faster than the disk and the 2013 projections suggest that the capacity of the tape cartridge(10 TB) will be twice that of the disks. The tape cartridges provide the lowest cost per GB of any storage technology, 25 times cheaper/GB than disks. It has shelf life of 30 years, provides excellent long term storage and can store data up to 100s of terabytes. The tape format meets all the data center managers demands for high availability and reliability, high-storage density. The magnetic cartridges provide ease to management and administration operations, automation of repetitive tasks, scalable storage and backup performance. Tapes protect against equipment failure, data corruption, use error, natural disasters, hacker and virus attacks. On the other hand the disks are vulnerable to these threats.
The most popular form of magnetic tapes are the LTO tape cartridges. Linear Tape-Open (LTO) is an open-format tape storage technology developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP), International Business Machines (IBM), Certance (Seagate) now Quantum to provide a clear and viable choice in an increasingly complex array of tape storage options. The standard form-factor of LTO technology goes by the name "Ultrium". LTO technology is an "open format" technology, which means that users will have multiple sources of product and media. The open nature of LTO technology also provides a means of enabling compatibility between different vendors offerings. The new tape versions uses new WORM (write once/ read many) tape technology wins over other storage options because it offers the lowest price per gigabyte and the lowest overall total cost of ownership. The WORM tape media reduces the amount of data and hence the efficiency of online hardware increases. Future tape roadmaps ensure that this price advantage will continue for the foreseeable future.
Advancements in LTO technology have historically involved several factors, including the materials from which the tape is manufactured, the digital encoding and compression methods used, the physical speed with which the tape moves through the drive, the length of the tape in each cartridge, and the physical density of data bits on the tape.
The high-capacity implementation of LTO technology is known as the LTO Ultrium format, or simply LTO Ultrium. Ultrium requires less rack/floor space, as compared to the disks.
The LTO Ultrium format Generation 3 specification includes the ability for WORM (write once/ read many ) enabled and non-WORM enabled drives to co-exist. In addition, appending data at the end of a WORM cartridge which was previously written to is supported, thus allowing customers to take full advantage of the high capacity tape media.
Forms of LTO:
The LTO tapes came in two forms Accelis and Ultrium
The Accelis is 8 mm tape, dual reel cartridge. It was actually developed in 1997, and the purpose was the fast access to data, that loads at the midpoint of the tape to minimize access time. IBM were the pioneer in this tape format by introducing (short-lived) 3570 Magstar MP product. The real-world performance of Accelis does not exceed that of Ultrium tape format.
Ultrium is 1/2" tape, single reel cartridge. In the mid 1980s, DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) and IBM (International Business Machines) converted this kind of tape into a single reel, enclosed cartridge. IBM named their cartridge 3480. LTO Ultrium was developed as a replacement for DLT(Digital Linear Tape). This development made possible for robotic tape library vendors to convert their DLT libraries into LTO. The Ultrium drive reads data from a cartridge in its own generation and at least the two prior generations, and writes data to a cartridge in its own generation and to a cartridge from the immediate prior generation in the prior generation format.
LTO tape products and versions are: LTO 1, LTO 2, LTO 3, LTO 4, LTO Barcode Labels, LTO Cartridge Memory Reader, LTO Cleaning Cartridge and LTO Empty Cases. LTO 5 and LTO 6 under development and will be available in future.
Benefits of the LTO Format :
High Native Capacity upto 800GB and a compressed rate of 1600GB
High native rate of 120 MB/s and a compressed rate of 240 MB/s
LTO-CM (Cartridge Memory)
Enhances functionality by providing a redundant file log as well as user defined information. An external reader allows immediate access to that information without having to insert the cartridge into a drive.
Flexibility
By specifying only those features needed for interchange of tape cartridges, the Ultrium format retains flexibility. This flexibility allows for a substantial amount of implementation freedom with respect to performance characteristics, form factor, reliability, controllers, and interfaces while tape cartridges remain interchangeable among Ultrium tape drives.
Consistent Servo
The servo format is expected to remain consistent throughout the life of the product line. This major benefit enables manufacturers to leverage investments.
Multi-sourcing
Multiple sources for media and drives reduce production bottlenecks and also ensures investment protection for OEMs and end users alike.
Compliance Testing
By an independent organization promotes compliance to the specification. This shortens qualification cycles and simplifies future product planning for Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs).
LTO-1 ( 100/200 GB)
Released in September 2000
LTO-1 was the developed by Seagate, HP and IBM as a contender for the market that was then dominated by DLT tapes (owned by Quantum).
LTO-1 has 100 GB native capacity and compressed rate of 200 GB
Has a transfer rate of up to 15 MB/s.
Uses RLL 1,7 (Run length limited)
Tape thickness is 8.9 μm, and tape length is 609 m.
LTO-1 has 384 tracks.
Wraps per band are 12 and linear density (bits/mm) is 4880.
Bit density is low, compared to second and third generations.
LTO-1 tapes have a quick to market design and are made by easy technology.
The purpose of this was that the LTO tape would gain a foothold in the linear magnetic tape market.
The maximum capacity is 100 GB and it uses the same data compression technique as used in AIT tapes.
LTO Ultrium is one of the most popular forms of tape backup and as it is pretty much a drop in replacement for DLTs, therefore it is easy for you to upgrade your tape library from DLT to LTO 1 Ultrium format.
LTO-2 ( 200/400 GB)
Released in March 2003
Doubled capacity and transfer speed
Switched to PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood ) encoding.
LTO-2 has 200 GB native capacity and compressed rate of 400 GB
Has a transfer rate of up to 40 MB/s.
Tape thickness is 8.9 μm, and tape length is 609 m.
LTO-2 has 512 tracks.
Wraps per band are 16 and linear density (bits/mm) is 7398.
The LTO Ultrium flexibility allows for a substantial amount of implementation freedom with respect to performance characteristics, form factor, reliability, controllers, and interfaces - while tape cartridges remain interchangeable among LTO Ultrium tape drives.
LTO-3 ( 400/800 GB)
Released in 2005
Doubled capacity and transfer speed
LTO-3 has 400 GB native capacity and compressed rate of 800 GB
Has a transfer rate of up to 80 MB/s.
Tape thickness is 8 μm, and tape length is 680 m.
LTO-3 has 704 tracks.
Wraps per band are 11 and linear density (bits/mm) is 9638.
Introduced new WORM (write once/ read many ) technology
Uses PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood ) encoding.
Doubled number of write elements in head
Data Integrity features include two levels of error correction that can provide recovery from longitudinal media scratches.
LTO-4 ( 800/1600 GB)
Released in May 2007
LTO-4 has 800 GB native capacity and compressed rate of 1600 GB
Has a transfer rate of up to 120 MB/s.
Tape thickness is 6.6 μm, and tape length is 820 m.
LTO-4 has 896 tracks.
Wraps per band are 14 and linear density (bits/mm) is 13300.
Uses PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood ) encoding.
Added 256-bit AES-GCM (Advanced Encryption Standard- Galois Counter Mode) drive level encryption
LTO-4 Ultrium also features backward compatibility with LTO-2 and LTO-3 drives
LTO-5 (1.6/3.2TB)
Will be released in future during the first or second quarter of 2009.
Will have native capacity up to 1.6 TB and compressed rate of 3.2 TB
Transfer rate will be up to 180 MB/s.
LTO-6 (3.2/6.4 TB)
Will be released in future, which would be available in 2011.
Will have native capacity up to 3.2 TB and compressed rate of 6.4 TB
Transfer rate will be up to 270 MB/s.
LTO Cartridge Memory Reader
Every LTO cartridge has a Cartridge Memory chip inside it. It is made up of 128 blocks of memory, where each block is 32 Bytes for a total of 4096 Bytes. This memory can be read and/or written, 1 block at a time, via a non contacting passive RF interface. This memory is used to identify tapes and to help drives discriminate between the different generations of the technology.
Robust algorithms using the Cartridge Memory (CM), in conjunction with low level encoding that is mastered on the tape media at the time of manufacture, are designed to prevent tampering.
LTO Cleaning Cartridges
Most of these cleaning tapes have built in chips which allow the cleaning tape to be used for only up to 50 times and then they are rejected by the LTO tape drive. LTO Ultrium drives are equipped with a self-cleaning mechanism that prevents the need for frequent cleaning, use only when the cleaning lamp, light or LED (Light emitting diodes) indicates for you to do so. LTO drives also come with a built in mechanism that prevents the use of cleaning tapes or cartridges if cleaning is not required.
LTO Barcode Labels
LTO barcode labels are used in tape libraries or integration system so that your library remains organized. All orders for barcode labels must be in connection with orders for tape cartridges.
LTO Empty Cases
With LTO cartridge cases you are able to protect your tape cartridge from environmental conditions and also from shocks (bumping, dropping, etc) to an extent. These LTO cartridge cases are scratch resistant and there is space available for card to be inserted, so that you may efficiently label your tape library.
For further details and online order, please visit our website http://www.tape4backup.com
| | Author Info: We deal all kind of data backup tapes and hard drives. |
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